Mycenae and Agamemnon Essay

Mycenae lies about 90 kilometres south-west of Athens. From around 1600BC-1100BC Mycenae was a highly wealthy and influential city, dominating much of southern Greece. The Mycenaean Era was named in reference to the city. THE DISCOVERY OF MYCENAE It was Heinrich Schliemann who first completely excavated the city of Mycenae. The controversial archaeologist was searching for evidence that Agamemnon, the king who led the Greeks to fight Troy in the Trojan War. Schliemann was determined to prove that the Trojan War was a real event; in fact his career was based around his desire for this. After failing to find any definitive evidence in his search for Troy, he turned to Mycenae. In 1841 another archaeologist had found and restored the Lion Gate that marks the entrance to the city of Mycenae, but Schliemann was the first to systematically excavate the entire site. He believed that the Homeric tales described actual historical events and used his discoveries at Mycenae to back this up. DISOVERIES MADE AT THE SITE Discovered in Grave Circle A by Schliemann’s team, a dagger shows the militaristic values of the Mycenaean’s. From the weapons buried with most of the bodies found, we can deduct that the Mycenaean’s were not a peaceful people. They revelled in fighting, as shown by the violent motifs on their stelae and decorative weapons. Most graves featured full sets of weapons, both real and decorative. We can assume that life for the men of Mycenae would have had a heavy focus on fighting , with men of higher status being shown as brave fighters. This is also shown through the architecture of the city, particularly the Cyclopean walls. These huge walls show a need for a defensive attitude, which demonstrates the Mycenaean’s military attitude. On this dagger there is a depiction of a lion hunt, which shows that the Mycenaean’s hunted for sport. This further reflects the aggressive principles of the city. Double axe and bull motifs show a Minoan influence in Mycenaean culture. Within the graves in Grave Circle A there were many objects that had been made in Mycenae but in Minoan style. This reflects an appreciation for Minoan design and an obvious link through trade and travel between Minoan Crete and Mycenae. Later the former would be conquered by the latter. In Mycenae there would have been trading of goods from Minoan Crete and an admiration of the techniques, since they were implemented in wares produced within Mycenae. The graves themselves also shed light upon burial practises and status in Mycenae. The graves themselves are shaft graves, 4 metres deep with the dead placed in a cist at the bottom along with many decadent grave goods. The Grave would sometimes be marked with a stone Stele at ground level. These stelae would be used to depict things like chariot scenes, showing the heroic nature of the deceased buried below. The grave goods showed the status of the deceased, with gold and weapons showing a higher status. This shows that burial was not only a valued practise, but also reflected status and worth, depending on what you were buried with. The so-called â€Å"Nestor’s Cup† was a particularly important discovery for Schliemann. His team recovered the vessel from Shaft Grave IV and Schliemann identified it as the â€Å"Cup of Nestor† as written about in the Illiad. However the cup differs from Homer’s description in number of handles, the design of the birds, and size. It also is from the wrong time to have been used in the Trojan War according to some critics. However, this didn’t discourage Schliemann from his firm belief in the Homeric tales. This is one of the many discoveries Schliemann made that he believed contributed to proving that the tales detail historical events. CONTROVERSIES Within a shaft grave V Schliemann discovered a skeleton with a gold mask covering his face- a face which he believed was that of the legendary Agamemnon. However, in recent years critics have developed more and more arguments to the effect that the mask may be a hoax. William Calder gives the following reasons for his sceptical nature towards Schliemann’s find: The features of the mask are inconsistent with the other masks found; Schliemann had considered making fakes of the gold he found at Troy to give forgeries to give to the government; contemporaries of Schliemann allege that he planted artefacts to later â€Å"discover† them; the excavations at both Mycenae and Troy had been closed just a few days after the discovery of the gold, suggesting that he was expecting to find these treasures and nothing else; excavations were closed for 2 days shortly before Schliemann found the mask, what could Schliemann have been doing; Sophia allegedly has a relative in Athens that was a goldsmith; No other Mycenaean grave has anywhere near what was discovered in shaft grave V; Schliemann had claimed he had excavated other finds elsewhere, when it was later revealed that he had bought them. David Traill suggests that perhaps the Agamemnon mask wasn’t manufactured, but found from a later tomb. Both of his appeals for a scientific examination of the mask have been denied by the Greek authorities. In response to Calder and Traill many argue that their claims are unfounded and lack any scholarly backing, and have their own arguments in response. They insist that Schliemann was carefully monitored by Greek authorities throughout his excavation, which both Calder and Triall admit to in their own publishing. Kenneth Lapatin explains that the days where Calder alleged Schliemann had time to get a mask made, were before any masks had been found yet. Although he does admit it is possible the mask may have been â€Å"enhanced† after it was discovered. Both sides of the debate present both personal opinions and insinuations mixed in with actual fact. Considering the dishonest nature of Schliemann it is easy to believe he planted the mask. But when considering the work at Mycenae alone, there is no undoubtable evidence to suggest that he was dishonest about that particular find, only rumour and hearsay. From the collections of circumstantial suggestions put forward by Triall and Calder, their theories become increasingly believable. However, some parts of their arguments seem reminiscent of conspiracy theories, so perhaps it’s best to take the mask as an important –if disputed- archaeological find, but not proving the existence of Agamemnon. BIBILOGRAPHY http://library.thinkquest.org/25245/archaeology/mycenae.html http://www.ancient-wisdom.co.uk/greecemycenae.htmhttp://mycenae-excavations.org/about.html http://www.historywiz.com/agamemnon.htm http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/3/ eh351.jsp?obj_id=2573 http://www.uark.edu/campus-resources/achilles/age/myceneans.html http://www.archaeology.org/9907/etc/calder.html http://www.archaeology.org/9907/etc/lapatin.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grave_Circle_A,_Mycenae http://www.archaeology.org/9907/etc/traill.html http://www.ancientgreece.com/essay/v/greek-life-as-depicted-in-homers-epic-the-odyssey/ http://www.archaeology.org/9907/etc/dema.html http://www.greek-thesaurus.gr/Mycenaean-weapons.html

Cooking as an Art Form

Cooking As an Art Form Food, cooking, and whatever related to these themes are usually considered as an art because food is an everyday item that has a wide meaning for all people. Food can be considered as an art; for example: the decoration of a food, the way a food is constructed in the plates, or even the way many different foods are being mixed in order to create a new food. Sometimes even people consider the arrangement of plates in a table as an art. This is called Table Art. Brillat-Savarin in his book, â€Å"The physiology of taste† states that cooking is the oldest of all arts. He says that Adam was born hungry and even a new born child first looks for become feed by his nurse right after he comes to new world (Physiology of taste, 300). He also believes that cooking and food is the finest art that has had the most influence on humans’ civilization (300). Food is one of the fewest things in whole world that almost everyone becomes satisfied with. When people eat, a kind of satisfaction and pleasure make them happy. And whatever can make a person happy could be considered as an art. Gastronomy is the knowledge and science of whatever related to human’s nourishment (physiology of taste, 51). Savarin believes that Gastronomy is a part of cookery. The way the dishes are adapted and arranged in a table and the way a food is tasted make the food as an art work (physiology of taste, 51). Savarin by his philosophical look explain the joy and sadness that a food can cause by its taste. He says that taste gives us the greatest joy because eating is the only thing which is not followed by regret (physiology of taste, 42). Brillat-Savarin says that the knowledge of Gastronomy is important for everyone. â€Å"There is this special advantage in their gastronomical knowledge, that they attain through it a completely personal note in the way their table is maintained; they are able to supervise up to a certain point the arrangements which they must then entrust to others, and they may even direct them occasionally†. Preparation of food is as much important as the food itself. Only a good cook can prepare a food in its best way and the final product is what everyone would like to try. Brillat-Savarin in his book explains how a skilled cook can make a fish that become an immense source of pleasure. He explains different ways it can be prepared, served in whole, cut in fillets or sliced, whether boiled or fried, cold or hot. And what he believes is that it would be always acceptable (physiology of taste, 91). Sometimes only professional cooks can make an astonishing dish because every one does not have the skill and techniques of preparation of a dish. For example when John Barlow wanted to try the ear part of the pig he found it a little disgusting before he saw the dish but after they prepare his dish he said: â€Å"The culinary art, I guess, often involve artifice. Things are cooked so as to disguise their ugly origins. An oxtail, for example, doesn’t really look like an ox’s tail; it looks brown and glazed and beautiful, like a slow-roasted half-brogue† (Everything but the squeal, 208). Savarin interestingly explains the different usage of sugar in his book and he describes how skillful a man should be in order to mix sugar with different other things to prepare a good product. For instance, sugar mixed with water that is refreshing and healthy, mixed with wine which produces cordials, or mixed with flour and eggs, the result is sponge cakes, muffins, and uncountable delicious pastries which are all the product of skillful cook (physiology of taste, 102 & 103). In the Gourmet’s diary of a foodie, it was so amazing when Chef Dani Garci was making fantastic dishes by some simple ingredients, like: Green and red Gazpacho and Ajo Blanco which are traditional dishes of south Spain. The most significant part is that how they take their times to make these dishes. They are like an art work that an artist put all his time and skill on it to create the best work. It was so amazing when he was making those tomato skins which were frozen in nitrogen. He was using all his skill to make them and coat them with red color. Food and cooking just same as music can inspire people. Usually when people listen to music they like to dance. It is the inspiration of music and brings people together to dance. Food and cooking do the same thing as music does. Gourmands are people who are fond of good eating and Gourmandism has an important effect in our social life. It spreads the spirit of entertainment and friendship which brings together different kinds of people, make a friendly atmosphere that people mingle and melt in to conversation, and vanish the inequalities of position and breeding (physiology of taste, 153). Also it will motivate the host to do his best in order to make the best table for his guests and take care of them. The host uses his knowledge and techniques to please his guests. Brillat-Savarin states,† any preparation which springs from a high intelligence demands explicit praise, and a actful expression of appreciation must always be made whenever it is plain that there is any attempt to please† (153). Savarin explains the origin of the table in his book and he brings the note that one of the most important and strong laws of human being is to respect for any one with whom one has shared bread and salt. He says that it happens during the meals that languages should have born and perfected (physiology of taste, 18 2). From the other point of his view, he explains the effect of Truffles and how it inspires humans. whosever pronounces the word truffle gives voice to one which awakens erotic and gastronomical dreams equally in the sex that wears skirts and the one that sprouts a beard† (Savarin, 93). Savarin by his explanations believes that truffle is the diamond of the art of cookery (physiology of taste, 95). The art of food and cooking is really one of the greatest works by a human being in history. The power of table, unbelievable different tastes, techniques of preparation, and all other aspects that concern about food and cooking should really considered as an art. John Barlow in his book â€Å"Everything but the squeal†, demonstrates the power of table and how a table can bring people around the table. Indeed, it is like a movie scene when he was sitting next to a family and he noticed that how they stare down at their table before they start eating, he says their elbows were raised and explains how the table was prepared and arranged, the way the forks and knives were next to dishes (Barlow, 145). In fact, these kinds of excitements are the result of foods and cooking’s art. In Gourmet’s diary of foodie, there is a connection between the traditional foods of gypsies and the art and skill of cooking. Manuel Valencia who is a chef and author wrote a book about the traditional gypsy foods. He explains what constitute gypsy foods in his books. In the video it is really interesting to see how they cook while they are dancing and how they manage the table and guests. It is the art of gypsies that can entertain their guests and serve them delicious foods by simple ingredients. They prepare nice dishes with the lowest costs and of course this would not be done only if you are a professional cook. Also I noticed that how they prepare Iberico Hams in Spain. It is said in the video that from the dehesa to the table will take 4 years. So what do they do during these years is all about preparing the most delicious ham in the world which obviously is so expensive. To conclude this, it is important to know that cooking and whatever is related to foods and cooking is one of the finest arts conceived by human and it should be considered as art in all aspects and themes of cooking, from preparing to eating.

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Writer's choice - Essay Example The draft ensured that these young men were enlisted in the military force. It was compulsory the young men to be in the military as the few in the military and the volunteers could not sum up to a number that would ensure the country’s safety. Refusal of anyone to be inducted to the military, would lead to severe consequences, like lack of jobs and funds for college. This way, most young people joined the military, trained and when wars came up, they went out to fight for their nation. Thus, the government ensured that they had a strong enough military for wars like the world war. The military draft today should not be upheld. It is a draft that was used a long time ago for reasons that were important to the state. However, today, retaining the military draft would lead to more negative effects than positive ones. The government has discussed the draft a few times in congress. Coming back to the draft would lead to losses like jeopardizing the futures of most young people; wars are less today and more funds would be used to ensure that the ones, who enrolled, were maintained. These are but a few reasons that would make the draft a heavy task. First, it is important to note that the military draft was helpful back then due to the reoccurrence of wars and because the military had few people. However, the military today has had quite a success. So many people have volunteered to join the military as an occupation. The number of people in the military force is not little. This is one of the reasons why upholding the draft would not be necessary (Scherer 2). The military has enough people who are experienced and well trained and are ready to fight for the country in case of anything. The force already fully represents the nation well, thus retrying the draft would not be important. Secondly, the draft would require the government to spend so much, which is unnecessary. As said earlier, the draft required so many people to enroll to the military.

Hate CrimeAgainst Asian Americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hate CrimeAgainst Asian Americans - Essay Example In the film, both Chin's and Ebens' families believed they were the victims of this hate crime, with Ebens' ascribing his mistakes to the crushing recession of the automotive industry, and Chin's family focusing on the American government's unfair justice system and considering this to be a pan-ethnic Asian American issue. The 1987 Academy Award-nominated documentary of Christine Choy and Renee Tajima shows the episodes leading up to the slay and following the trial's shocking and unexpected verdict. Above a simple regurgitation of the case, it sets out with the query presented by the film's title to illustrate the greater sociological background of the incident. Surveillance and interviews of the conditions of the people employed in the plants and knowledge of the effects of the Japanese automobile industry on Detroit, the documentary challenges to clarify why an incident like this could be surpassed. Conceivably, the most significant touch of the film's plot is that, in spite of the upsetting lack of emotional involvement of Ebens when interviewed, the filmmakers draw connections between Vincent's and Ronald's histories. Both men moved to Detroit in optimism, hopes of finding better jobs, managed to "fit in," and however intersected in a misfortune ("Who Killed Vincent Chin"). The Tragic Death of an Asian American: It was on June 19, 1982 in Detroit when two jobless autoworkers, Ronald Ebens and Michael Nitz, clubbed Chin to death, they neither knew him nor cared who he was as a person. It did not matter that he was a Chinese American, rather than Japanese or even Japanese American. As far as they were concerned, they regarded Chin as some "species" of Asian who had robbed them of their livelihood, and they were determined to take revenge by depriving him of his life (Wei). In 1982, Detroit's automotive business was in the middle of a financial crisis, losing the rivalry for customers to Japanese automakers who were manufacturing better-quality cars for the American market. Rather than condemn the American automakers for their failure to compete successfully, people blamed the Japanese people, triggering widespread anti-Japanese feeling (Wei). In this economic rivalry, Eben and Nitz had become two of the "losers" and were set wandering in American society. On the contrary, Chin was happily employed, working as a draftsman at a local engineering firm. Furthermore, he was a young man in the town celebrating his bachelor's party, a young man with his whole life ahead of him. It can only be explained as a fit of racial disgust deepened by envy when Ebens and Nitz hunted Chin down and murdered him for their personal dilemma (Wei). The similarly sad part of this execution was how Vincent's murderers were handled by the criminal justice system. Ebens and Nitz pleaded guilty to manslaughter and were sentenced to 3 years probation, fined $3,780 and obliged to pay $780 in court expenses (Wei). In a second trial, the Justice Department convicted Ebens with the violation of Vincent's civil rights and was sentenced to 25 years in prison. Nitz was acquitted. However, due to a technicality, new trial was ordered by a federal appeals court. At this retrial, whose jury consisted almost completely of White blue-collar men, both Ebens and Nitz were

Net Present Value Model (NPV) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Net Present Value Model (NPV) - Coursework Example A con of this method is that the numerical values can sometimes lead to erroneous decisions (Arya & Fellingham & Glover, 1998). The IRR is the rate of return a firm expects to earn if a project is accepted. Similarly to NPV an advantage of this method is that it takes into consideration time value of money. The biggest con of the method is that it is more difficult to calculate. A lot of companies prefer to use the internal rate of return method because this method quantifies the potential earnings of a project in the form of a numerical rate. The calculation of IRR is similar to finding the yield to maturity of a bond (Besley & Brigham, 2000). A project manager can know how much extra income a firm can obtain from a project. The capital budgeting evaluation technique that I prefer is net present value. This technique allows a manager to select the best project among several options. The project selected should be the one with the highest NPV value. Another reason that I prefer NPV over other capital budgeting techniques is because it is the best method to accomplish the goal of maximizing shareholder’s wealth (Besley, et al. 2000). Arya, A., Fellingham, J., Glover, J. (1998). Capital Budgeting: Some Exceptions to the Net Present Value Rule. Issues in Accounting, 13(3). p.499-508. Retrieved April 3, 2014 from

Yvain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Yvain - Essay Example Yvain or the Knight with the Lion tells of Yvain, a knight in King Arthur’s court, whose adventures are initially kicked off by his desire to prove his bravery in the eyes of his fellow knights. Chivalry and courtly love are the two elements underpinning and moving the story, which is set in the medieval period of the famed fictional Arthurian era. Moreover, Chretien de Troyes’ tale highlights the importance of good reputation in the medieval period among knights and how reputation is equated to acts of chivalry and bravery especially for the benefit of the helpless like women. In Yvain or the Knight with the Lion, the reader is apprised of how a knight’s reputation is made, kept and lost. Apparently, reputation for chivalry, honor and bravery is the all-most important consideration by which each knight lives by. The story’s main character Yvain is a proud man who is impelled to rush and defend his honor from a disparaging remark, obviously made in jest and presumably after several bottles of wine, insinuating inability to make good his words. The challenge, to which he rises started when his cousin Calogrenant told a group of knights that he had been defeated by a knight after he had stirred a storm-brewing magical basin at the edge of a forest. This made Yvain censure his cousin for keeping this from him for so long and promptly vowed to avenge his shame by killing the knight himself. Kay, another knight, mocks Yvain’s pronouncement insinuating that he is merely heady with wine. Stung by the remark, Yvain secretly left for the place mentioned by Calogrenant even when King Arthur himself has scheduled a date to see the place himself (de Troyes Vv 1-746). It is evident from the initial events of the tale that reputation is very important to medieval knights. Yvain’s decision to scurry secretly even to the point of

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

English - Essay Example However, in 2008, this type of household, at 36%, still represents the biggest cohort among all the other different types in Great Britain. The percentage of families with dependent children has stayed relatively steady; while the composition of single parent families in the overall study decreased at a relatively small change rate, over the years. This latter cohort also represents the smallest group. Other types of households, which comprise of same sex couples and civil partners, have increased from 19% to 25%. Overall, people in private households have increased over the decades from 53.4 million to 58.8 million. Let us now take a deeper look at the size of households using the second table. This table looks at the size of households based on the number of persons living in them, from 1 person up to 6 or more. This study also covers nearly 40 years from 1971 to 2008. The biggest group in these cohorts is comprised of two people households, which is related to the couples and fami lies with no children data shown in the earlier table. Starting at 32% in 1971, this category has increased marginally to 35% in 2008. One person households have increased significantly over the decades also, going from 18% in 1971 to 29% in 2008. This single group, in fact, represents the biggest chunk in the overall increase in households that Great Britain has seen since 1971. It is interesting to note that all the other categories of households of more than two people, including households with three, four, five and more than six people, have decreased in the past decades: three people households have decreased from 19% to 16%; four people households have decreased from 17% to 13%; five people households have gown down from 8% to 5%; and households with 6 or more people have decreased from 6% to a mere 2%, maintaining its status as the smallest group. This data concludes effectively that the size of the average household in Great Britain has decreased from 2.9 persons to 2.4 per sons from 1971 to 2008. The contributing factors to this change are a) the increased number of one and two person(s) households, and b) the decreased number of households with 3 or more persons. Assignment 2: Examine the argument that neighbourly relations are characterised by friendly distance. Neighbours make a very important component of societal life: how neighbours behave and interact with each other has a direct effect on the type of communities that are established; whether these communities have cordiality, understanding and generosity or aloofness and mistrust is dependent on how neighbourly relations are. This essay attempts to describe the various characteristics, components and manifestations of strong and good neighbourly relations to shed light on the question of whether these relations are best when friendly but at a distance. The word ‘neighbour’ is used to describe the person living right next door to another person; in speaking terms, neighbours includ es people who reside close together on a street or residential area. A ‘neighbour’ holds an intrinsic social identity (Taylor, p. 167) and associations based on a neighbour’s role. Having good neighbours or a ‘nice neighbourhood’ is a very important characteristic of fruitful social life. However, the definition of a ‘

The Business Perspective of the Apple Company Term Paper

The Business Perspective of the Apple Company - Term Paper Example The brand value of the company is incomplete in today’s world. Effective use of technology provides the company with brand recognition, enabling it to stand out among its competitors. The collaborative work of its employees has paved the way for the success of the company, which follows a collaborative work culture. Apple Inc. is recognized as the biggest start-up in the world, formed by the efficient hands of Steve Jobs. There are frequent team meetings in each department in order to discuss the current business scenario, and the company values and encourages the participation of its team members in the decision-making processes. Apple has a reputation of valuing individuality and excellence that help in the company’s decision making (Apple Inc, 2012). Products/services and geographic scope Formerly named Apple Computer Inc., the company is an American multinational corporation which specializes in the design and sale of electronic goods and high-technology personal co mputers, along with computer software. The best-known products of the company are the Macintosh series of computers and the iPhone. In 2007, the company shifted from offering only computers towards making and selling consumer electronics. In terms of market capitalization, it is the largest public limited company. The company manages its business on a geographic basis, with five operating segments, in America, Japan, Europe, and some other regions. The operating segment offers similar hardware as well as software products (Datamonitor, 2009:3). Competitors Apple Inc operates its business in multiple industries, the main one of which is personal computers. Apart from this, the company produces software and consumer electronics. In the personal computer industry, Apple’s main competitors are IBM, Hewlett Packard, Dell Inc. etc. In the consumer electronics industry, the main market competitor is Samsung, which has a similar type of product on the market; Apple has also been faci ng competition in developing countries. Apple’s direct competitors are Google, Microsoft, and RIMM (Research in Motion Limited).

High Note Report - Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

High Note Report - Assignment - Essay Example Primarily, the expansion of operations by many firms has completely changed the manner in which the world operates. The barriers that hindered the abilities of people to interact and communicate across borders have diminished gradually. Therefore, the decision by HNG to enter wider markets is a step forward towards realizing potential and exploring supplementary opportunities that the company could not have enjoyed with the previous stalemate posed by inadequate communication platforms (Koch, 2011). This paper, therefore, sets to dissect the changes in the business processes that HNG will have to undergo in order to blend its strategy fully with the market conditions and organizational expectations. Besides, it will explore how the shift in the business processes will benefit from the implementation of open source packages such as the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. Consequently, the transformation in the channels and patterns of distribution significantly contribute to the changes in the business processes. These adjustments concern both the strategies of the firm and the infrastructure of distribution. Previously, HNG was a supply firm that capitalized on enhancing distribution services while facing the challenges of lowering the costs of distribution as per the requirements of the customers. However, with the partnership of Live Art Networks, the company aims at capturing larger markets and shifting the supply of equipment to the sale of equipment. The above contradictory objectives could be realized by the opportunities availed by the technical development. According to the first requirement of Kotters 8-Step Change Model, the author emphasizes the need to include urgency in the organization. Globalization obligates companies to embrace technology as part of the process of doing business internationally. Open sourcing is a community driven

Organizational Culture in Multinational Corporations Research Paper

Organizational Culture in Multinational Corporations - Research Paper Example The culture in general and broad-spectrum comprises of assumptions, beliefs, values, norms, customs, artifacts, and several other components, likewise organization also have its norms, values, principles, and policies that makeup characteristics of the organization. In the view of many experts and theorists, culture can come under illustration and distinguish itself on three levels (Schneider, 1988). Behavior and artifacts are considered the most obvious and manifest level as it encompasses the behavioral structure of the populace of a particular culture. Values or the principles are the subsequent levels that motivate, inspire, and figure out the actions of the people. Assumptions, hypothesis, values, and attitude are the distant and rooted level and considered the most vital and imperative level to apprehend (Schneider, 1988). In order to understand the effective functioning of the organization, it is pivotal to identify with the culture first as it is a complete experience of the happenings and circumstances that encircles the entire population of the world (Alvesson, 2002).  Ã‚   Although organizational culture has come under analysis and study from a wide variety of aspects, yet it does not have a solitary and distinct definition as it is complicated and tricky to articulate in a noticeable or apparent manner. Some schools of thought even refer the organizational culture as a system where the key in elements are the response and opinion from various characteristics such as the general population, laws, and ethical, moral and competition principals. The beliefs, hypothesis, ethics, and customs based on factors such as time, money, people etc. amalgamate as a process that produces the output in the form of the consequences including the organizational behaviors, strategies, policies, products, brand image and many more (Brenton &  Driskill, 2010). For the last few decades, organizational culture has gained substantial recognition, and outstretched and broad acknowledgment amongst the employees of the organization as it has been a pivotal source for identifyi ng and becoming aware with the behaviors and attitudes of the human systems. Organizational culture is the combined recipe of principles and attitudes that make up the inimitable and distinctive shared surroundings and atmosphere for the enterprise (Brenton &  Driskill, 2010). In other words, organizational culture is the merger of values, beliefs, experiences, assumptions, documented and unrecorded rules and regulations, policies and viewpoints of the organizational members that contributes in the company’s brand image, internal working environment, communions and dealing with the external sources, and upcoming prospects and opportunities since the time the enterprise initiated until the current date (Alvesson, 2002).  

Plato and Aristotle Essay Example for Free

Plato and Aristotle Essay Plato the great Greek classical philosopher lived between c. 427 and c. 347 BC. Plato together with his mentor, Socrates, and Aristotle (384-322 BC) are credited with helping lay the foundations of Western philosophy. Plato was a student of Socrates and the unjust death of Socrates by execution is thought to have profoundly affected influenced him. Plato would later write in his dialogues the teachings of Socrates. Besides philosophizing, Plato was also a mathematician who helped show the distinction between pure and applied mathematics. Plato also founded what is thought to be the first institution of higher learning in Western world, the Academy, in Athens. Plato was a sophisticated writer and this is evident in the dialogues. The dialogues have continued to be used to teach philosophy, logic, rhetoric and mathematics. Indeed Plato’s philosophy has influenced so many, but not necessarily likeminded individuals and they include Plato’s student and his greatest critic, Aristotle, Plotinus, Philo, St. Augustine, Avicenna, St. Bonaventure, Hegel, to name just but a few. The Christian Church was highly inspired and informed by Platonism. The Cambridge Platonists were so named because of the indelible mark Plato had left in their scholarly lives. Some other philosophers like Friedrich Nietzsche together with his followers would attack Plato teachings. The list is endless. Plato wielded so much influence and this drove Alfred North Whitehead to observe famously: â€Å"All Western philosophy consists of footnotes of Plato. At the heart of Platonism is the theory of forms, which will you find with much surprise that Plato only deals with it almost in passing in his dialogues. Nevertheless the theory has come to be a tool that can help us understand Plato’s approach to ethics and metaphysics, aesthetics and epistemology. Plato developed the theory in his middle-period dialogues like Phaedo, Symposium, and Republic and then later criticized it himself in Parmenides (Brickhouse and Smith, 2008). The theory is an explanation of Plato’s belief that there exists an immaterial Universe of ‘forms’, or perfect aspects of everyday things such as table, bird, ideas/emotions, joy, action, etc (uororegon. edu/plato. html, par. 3). This means that the objects and the ideas in our material world are mere shadows of the forms. To be able to understand the theory of forms better we first need to understand what forms as Plato viewed them. A form is a conceptual property or quality. If you can take an object and then separate that object and consider it by itself then it is form you are contemplating. If we could use the example of a basketball, separate its roundness from its color, its weight, and perhaps its texture and then think just of its roundness, this is the form of roundness. And as Plato put it the roundness exists apart from the basketball and in a different mode of existence than it. Form is not only the idea of roundness you have in the mind, form exists independently of the basketball and also independently of whether someone thinks of it. This applies to all round things, not just basketball. They participate or copy the form of roundness. Forms differ from material objects because of the properties they have. The first property of forms is that they are transcendent and unlike material things do not exist in time and space. A basketball exists at a particular place and at a particular time. The basketball’s roundness form does not exist in space and this would explain why they are unchanging. A form like roundness will never change and it does even exist in time. It remains the same at all times and at all places. You can instantiate a form in any different place or time and it will still be the same. Even if all objects that are round are destroyed the property of roundness would still exist. The other property of forms is that they are pure i. e. hey are properties separated from all other properties (Ryle, par. 7). To use the example of basketball still, we will notice that it is composed of many properties apart from the roundness and this include ballness, orangeness, elasticity, etc, and all are put together to make one basketball. Therefore there are many forms existing by themselves, apart from time and space. Roundness is just pure roundness and so is orangeness. Forms are different from material objects because they are transcendent and pure. Forms can also be understood as being archetypes. This is means that they are the perfect examples of the property they represent, they are the perfect demonstration upon which all material objects are based. Forms are also Ultimately Real entities. Every material object is a copy of a collection of forms. The other thing to note about forms is that they are Causes meaning they give explanations of why things are the way they are and they are also the source or origin of the being of things ( Banach, par 11). The last aspect of forms is that they are Systematically Interconnected. This is to say that forms encompass a system starting from the form of the Good moving from more general to more particular – from more objective to more subjective The general structure Plato’s argument goes like this: we do believe that the more objective a concept is, the more real the thing it represents. This we do by using objectivity to distinguish appearance from reality. So the more objective you get, the more real you get. Plato’s second premise is that forms are more objective than material objects. This leads to the conclusion that forms are more real than objects. Plato says that the world we perceive with our senses often deceives us, a phenomenon that would not be present if the world and the objects we perceive with our senses were real. It appears that all the objects we perceive are simply images or experiences of our mind. They are subjective points of view for real things. The world we see is not the real world but its image and it is difficult to ascertain at what level of observation we get in touch with the real objects that make up the world. So we are forced to assume that the more objective the concept of description is the more real the object it describes. Through what is called dialectic process we combine many different points of view to achieve a more objective description that accommodates all the other common points of view. For Plato therefore real objects cannot be the subjective images we perceive. The everyday material objects like chairs, tables, trees, are different in that they take into account all of the subjective images we form of a single object. But we should not take this as the real object because: we can only get in contact with these objects through subjective image. They also contain many different properties that are combined. Lastly, these objects are always changing. As such the only level that things really exist is at the level of single properties removed from particular objects. What we perceive of the world are subjective perspectives and unless there are forms, it would appear that some aspect of relativism is true. Relativism holds that every thing in existence is subject to a subjective view of truth, beauty, truth and justice. Plato disputed relativism saying most of the times we objectively discuss and argue about concepts like beauty, truth and justice and as such this dialectic process helps us understand them better. So if there forms of beauty, truth and justice then it is possible to objectively criticize subjective points of view about these things. Plato writes that forms approximate forms. As such the form of beauty is perfect beauty and the form of justice is perfect justice. Conceiving of Forms in this way was important to Plato because it enabled the philosopher who grasps the entities to be best able to judge to what extent sensible instances of the Forms are good examples of the Forms they approximate (Philosophyprofessor. com, 2008) Theory of forms can aid an individual make judgments of good and bad, better or worse by participating or copying the attributes of the all the good practices around us. If we understand the concept of something we can also tell if the concept is one that we should aspire to. Teleology is the study of goals, ends, and purposes. Telos means â€Å"end† or â€Å"purpose†. A person holding a teleological world view believes that the end of things provides meaning for all that has happened or that will occur. If one holds that history has a timeline with a beginning and end, in a teleological view of the world, then the meaning and value of all historical events is derived from their ends or purposes. Aristotle, Plato’s student, is the leading proponent of the teleological view (Hooker, par. 1). In giving his four causes (aitia) for things, Aristotle lists the end/purpose for which the thing was made as the most important. Aristotle conducted a causal investigation of a specific department of reality which result in causal knowledge. Causal knowledge is the knowledge of appropriate causes. Aristotle emphasized the concept of cause and this explains why his theory causality is sometimes referred to as the doctrine of four causes. According to Aristotle, what cause is, and how many types causes there are, is what is key to a successful investigation of the world around (plato. tanford. edu/entries/aristotle-causality, 2008) Aristotle says that we can deduce that we have knowledge of a thing if only we have grasped its cause, or its why. Aristotle provides a general account of the four causes. It is a general account because it is applicable to everything requiring an explanation and even includes artistic productions and human actions. In Aristotle theory of causality, there are four types of causes that can be used to answer a why-question. These are: 1. The material cause, or â€Å"that out of which†, the bronze of a statue . The formal cause, or â€Å"the form†, â€Å"the account of what-it-is-to-be†, the shape of a statue 3. The efficient cause, or â€Å"the primary source of the change or rest†, the artist, the art of bronze-casting the statue. 4. The final cause, or â€Å"the end, that for the sake of which a thing is done†. (plato. stanford. edu/entries/aristotle-causality, 2008) The four causes can all explain something. The start of the making of the bronze statue until it is finished can be explained by all the four causes. The efficient cause in the production of the statue requires to be elaborated in that Aristotle thought the art of bronze-casting should be picked over the artist who has mastered the art as the appropriate specification for the efficient cause. Aristotle chooses to do this because he is trying to provide an explanation of statue production which does not make reference to the desires or beliefs or intentions of an artist. The four causes all offer a teleological explanation for the production of a bronze statue. The type of teleological explanation provided above does not depend on such psychological concepts as desires, beliefs and intentions. This is because Aristotle wanted a model that could also be used to investigate nature. Some people have tried to point out that Aristotle tries to explain nature using an inappropriate psychological model, a model that has a purposive agent that is sensitive to the end. But this assertion can be countered by saying that Aristotle does not â€Å"psychologize† nature because his inquiry is a teleological model free from the psychological factors. Aristotle does not always disqualify the beliefs and desires. In the case of the production of the bronze statue, one may be interested in a particular bronze statue because it could be the great achievement of an artisan who has mastered the art and applied it distinctively. In this case it is in order to include the beliefs and desires of the artist. Aristotle causal theory is not only used to explain nature but can to explain many other areas that make up the human existence. It certainly can help us make good judgments concerning the good and bad. This is true if we can think up the four causes before we do or say anything. The four causes can act as guide to all we do and say, we can also use the four causes to determine the usefulness of something. If every time we think of the purpose or the goal of something we can certainly be able to tell if it is a good idea or a bad one before we do it. As such we will be in a position to make sound judgments. When we compare Plato’s theory of forms and Aristotle theory of causality what possibly is the difference or the similarity of the judgment that one can make? Plato’s theory is based on concepts that we do not see but are in existence; as such we should aspire to these qualities. In instances where we need to make just judgments we should be guided by what we know as perfect justice. It would appear that Plato’s theory of forms would be problematic in dealing with many problems of the world since we are required to transcend it. Aristotle’s four causes on the other hand seems more suited to us. It is easy to grasp and it is easy to determine the causal reality. Plato’s theory of forms is good only in as far as it is being handled by person with better understanding of how it really works. This is then means it cannot be used by everybody except those schooled in philosophy. Aristotle’s teleological explanation of the world is very applicable in the world today and in fact almost every in the society can use it. It is a just a matter of thinking what an action will achieve, the end. So the Aristotle’s teleology is more or less available to the general population than Plato’s theory of forms where they will have to conceptualize things.

Chem lab report shampoo experiment Essay Example for Free

Chem lab report shampoo experiment Essay Investigate the Chemical Properties different shampoo brands and determine the best brand of shampoo manufacturers. Take your 1% shampoo solution in a beaker and using the pH meter find the pH value of the shampoo. Information: Most shampoos are neutral or slightly acidic. Acidic solutions cause the cuticle of the hair to shrink and lay flatter on the shaft of the hair. Basic solutions cause the cuticle to swell and open up. Acidic solutions make the hair seem smoother. Basic solutions make their hair seem frizzier. Test B (shake test- determination of foam formation): Put approximately 10ml of the 1% shampoo solution into a 250ml graduated cylinder and record the initial volume of the solution. Cover the cylinder with your thumb and shake 10 times. Record the total volume of the contents after shaking. Then calculate the volume of the foam only by subtracting the initial volume of the solution without the foam. Information: The smaller the bubbles the better the shampoo. Test C (foam quality and retention): This test should be done together with the previous test. After preforming the previous test record the amount of foam in each minute for a total of 4 minutes. Then find the amount of foam reduced in 4 minutes. Information: In a good shampoo, the foam retention should remain stable for at least five minutes. Test D (Dirt dispersion): Put 2 drops of shampoo in a large test tube. Add 10ml of distilled water and then add 1 drop of ink. Then put a stopper at the mouth of the test tube and shale it well 10 times. Then estimate the amount of ink in the foam as (none, Light, Moderate, or heavy) Information: Shampoos that cause the ink to concentrate in the foam are considered poor quality. The dirt should stay in the water portion. Dirt that stays in the foam will be difficult to rinse away. It will deposit on the hair. Precautions and improvements Make sure you measure the volume of shampoo before mixing it with distilled water to form foam. To ensure this used a dropper to add shampoo to a test tube. The observations should be as accurate as possible because it is difficult for one to identify the size of the bubble or how much ink is present in the foam. Conclusion and Evaluation From The above information we can come to conclusions of the best shampoo brand: Dove moisturizing is the best shampoo due to its best results during the test.Alberto VO5 is the worst shampoo due to its worst results during the test. Dove forms smaller bubbles, retains the amount of lather and also does not contain dirt in the foam rather than the liquid below. Therefore, Dove moisturizing shampoo passed all the tests. On the contrary, Alberto VO5 forms larger bubbles and disappears with time. It holds the dye on the foam and does not eliminate the dye to the liquid portion below. Therefore, VO5 is the worst shampoo that failed all tests. (Please note): The experiment was conducted with only limited amount of shampoo brands. Therefore the results pertain to only those involved in the experiment).

Socio Political Factors Affecting The Students Education Essay

Socio Political Factors Affecting The Students Education Essay Education sector in India is a growing field that plays a pivotal role in improving the living status. The economic status or the rise of a country depends on the improved education system. According to statistical survey, India after Independence gave more importance to primary education and expanded literacy rate to two thirds of its population. There are several efforts made by the government to improve the literacy rate in India. Despite the educations sector growth, 25% of its population are still illiterate and the number of enrolment of students to higher education is still in decline. Data mining deals with the process in which we identify and extract all the hidden information from data bases. Educational data mining plays a very important role in identifying, analyzing and visualizing the data to predict students performance, their academic achievements, providing feedback for supporting instructors and so on. There are so many factors that affect students enrolment to post secondary education. So, the main aim of this research is to identify those factors using data mining techniques which will help the educational institutions, academic heads and also the policy makers of the government schools to take necessary action. 3. INTRODUCTION A.DATA MINING: Data mining [6] [7] is the emerging field of applying statistical and artificial intelligence techniques to the problem of finding novel, useful, and non-trivial patterns from large databases. Data Mining is often defined as finding hidden information in a database[8]. Data mining provides many tasks that could help to study the students performance[9]. Different data mining techniques are used in various fields of life such as medicine, statistical analysis, engineering, education, banking, marketing, sale, etc (MacLennan. 2005). B.EDUCATIONAL DATA MINING (EDM) Educational Data Mining is an emerging discipline, concerned with developing methods for exploring the unique types of data that come from educational settings, and using those methods to better understand students, and the settings which they learn in.[1]. Day by day the growth of the data is very rapid and that data need to transformed and converted into an useful information [2]. Educational data mining (EDM) tends to focus on new tools and techniques for discovering patterns in the data. It also gains popularity in the new research areas in higher education. Recent research findings in educational data mining helps the students, institutions and government for improving the quality of education. Inspite of the rapid growth in the education sector , 25% of its population is still illiterate , 15% of the students reach high school, and only 7% graduate[3]. Statistics says according to the year 2011,out of 74% of the literacy rate, only 47% have attained the diploma and post diploma courses[4].Post secondary education plays a vital role in countrys development. But the statistical data proves still major population in India are school dropouts. There are so many factors which affect the students enrolment to post secondary education such as family background, school infrastructure and facilities and their psychological behaviours and so on. The main aim of this paper is to identify the reasons for poor enrolment to post secondary education and the result will help the students, management and policy makers to give a better solution. Data mining techniques particularly classification helps to analyze the input data and to develop a model describing important data classes or to predict future data trends. 4. LITERATURE SURVEY In[11], the author uses the data mining processes, particularly classification to help in enhancing the quality of the higher educational system by evaluating student data to study the main attributes that may affect the students performance in courses. Ayesha et.al [12] used clustering techniques in data mining to analyze students learning behaviour which helped the teachers to identify the drop out ratio to a significant level and improve the performance of the students. Liu Kan [13] designed a course management system on the basis of data mining methods such as classification, association rules and clustering. In [14], the author used different classification algorithms to get useful information to decision-making out of customers transaction behaviours. In [15], the author applies four different classification methods for classifying students based on their final grade obtained in their courses. Dr. Surabh paul[16], in his research used classification to evaluate previous years s tudent dropout data using Bayesian classification method. 5. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This minor research aims to study the socio-political factors affecting the students enrolment to post secondary education using data mining techniques. These attributes consist of 1)personal information such as age, gender, occupation of the parents, family income, highest educational qualification of the parents, stay, family size.2)institution related information such as type of learning, usage of teaching aids, exposure to ICT, faculty qualification etc 3)psychological information such as social status, illness, disability etc are considered. These attributes were used to predict the students enrolment to post secondary education. 6. CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK To build the classification, CRISP methodology is adopted. The proposed methodology is to build the classification model that tests the factors which affect the students enrolment to post secondary education. DATA MINING PROCESS Knowing the reasons for not continuing their post secondary education can help the teachers and administrators to take necessary actions so that enrolment rate can be improved. Predicting the reason for students not enrolling to post secondary education needs a lot of parameters to be considered. Prediction models that include all personal, social, psychological and other environmental variables are necessitated for the effective prediction and decisions to be made. A.BUSINESS UNDERSTANDING Business understanding focuses on the understanding of the project objective and requirements from business perspective then converting it into a data mining problem definition and a plan is designed to accomplish those objectives. B.DATA UNDERSTANDING Data set is to get familiar with the data and to identify the problem to discover useful information out of it. Data understanding also helps to examine the quality of data in addressing the questions Is the data complete? or any missing values?. The data set used in this study was obtained from the Gottigere Government High School, Karnataka. Initially size of the data is 110. C.DATA PREPARATION Data Preparation takes usually 90% of the time to collect, assess, clean and select the data required to construct, integrate and format the data. Identify data sources based on the data available to solve an identified business problem or objective. From the selected data sources, the actual data to be used must be determined [20]. D.BUILDING THE CLASSIFICATION MODEL The collected attributes may have some irrelevant attributes that may degrade the performance of the classification model; a feature selection approach is used to select the most appropriate set of features. Classification techniques are supervised learning techniques that classify data item into predefined class label [19]. This technique in data mining is very useful from a data set to build the classification model that is used to predict future data trends. With classification, the generated model will be able to predict a class for given data depending on previously learned information from historical data. To explore knowledge discovery decision tree to produce a model with rules in human readable way. The tree has the advantages of easy interpretation and understanding for decision makers to compare with their domain knowledge for validation and justify their decision [19]. Some of decision tree classifiers are C4.5/C5.0/J4.8,ID3 and others. Generating the Classification rule by applying ID3 algorithm The classifier identified to implement this model is ID3 algorithm. The decision tree building algorithm ID3 determines the classification of objects by testing the values of the their attributes. It builds the tree in a top down fashion, starting from a set of objects and a specification of properties. At each node of the tree, a property is tested and the results are used to partition the object set. This process is recursively done till the set in a given sub tree is homogeneous with respect to the classification criteria in other words it contains objects belonging to the same category. This process then becomes a leaf node. At each node, the property to test is chosen based on information theoretic criteria that seek to maximize information gain and minimize entropy. In simpler terms, that property is tested which divides the candidate set in the most homogeneous subsets[17]. For this purpose the WEKA toolkit is used and the attributes are ranked and then the ranked attributes are eliminated by the feature selection approach. E. EVALUATION: Evaluation is to check whether we correctly built the model and determines how to proceed and whether to finish the project and move on to deployment phase. Evaluating the results assess the degree to which the model meets the business objectives and also unveils additional challenges, information or hints for future directions. Choosing the proper data mining method is a critical and difficult task in KDD process. To implement this model WEKA Toolkit is used which has a collection of machine learning algorithms for solving data mining problems implemented in Java. Weka has tools for data processing, classification, regression and association, clustering and visualization. It is an open source toolkit for machine learning. F.DEPLOYMENT: Deployment phase is to determine how the evaluated results need to be utilized. The knowledge gained has to be organized and presented in the way it is applicable to the end user. This phase may be a final and comprehensive presentation of the data mining results. This CRISP provides a uniform framework for experimenting, analyzing, evaluating and predicting the result 7. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: There are few objectives stated below: 1. This project is a preliminary attempt to help supporting the decision makers of the institution to improve their teaching methodology, and teaching aids and all other infrastructure facilities that they lack. 2. The result evaluated out of this project will motivate the parents of BPL (Below poverty line) towards the values of post secondary education. 3. This project will help the policy makers of our Indian government to help the children studying in government schools in a much better way towards their post secondary education. 4. The model proposed as an academician can be useful to build a software model to provide a solution by formulating the result.

A Society in Danger Essay examples -- Literary Analysis, The Stranger

A Society in Danger In the book The Stranger, Camus characterizes Meursault as an atheist, an unemotional robot, and an outcast to demonstrate how he threatens society. The way Camus characterizes Meursault impacts the book in views to which he threatens society, like when he seems useless, shows no compassion or feelings, and when he does nothing to help society, making him seem like society’s worst enemy. How he characterizes Meursault proves how he becomes a threat to society through the use of syntax by displaying insensitivity, and diction to prove his atheism. He also only focuses on physical objects, and the way he sees life causes him to resemble a stranger. Meursault can be a threat to society by just not fitting in with everyone else and preventing everyone from uniting, so he continues to threat society. Camus manipulates syntax to show how Meursault’s insensitivity symbolizes danger to society. When Camus makes Meursault be an insensitive person that does not care or feel anything for anyone else, he puts society in danger. When Meursault says, â€Å"I had never been able to truly feel remorse for anything† he never reveals any emotion at all even though the sentence sounds a little long and he also never gives a sign of compassion (Camus 100). Also, the very first sentence that Meursault states in the book only contains three words, which reads, â€Å"Maman died today† (Camus 3). No matter how long or short the sentences appear Meursault never shows a bit of compassion or feelings for her mother’s death. He just states it all plain and unemotional with only three words almost making it a fragment. For example, when Camus writes this long sentence, â€Å"He said the truth was that I didn’t have a soul and that nothing human, not ... ...ample he asserts, â€Å"For a second I had the ridiculous feeling that they were there to judge me† which tells that he does not feel security of himself because he always thinks people are judging him (Camus 10). This thought of insecurity symbolizes danger to society because Meursault does not trust the people in any way because he thinks they judge him for any little thing. In conclusion of how Meursault threatens society affects society as a whole. The insensitivity and focus of physical objects only threatens the good of society by letting Meursault be part of them even though he has no feelings to offer. The atheism and way he sees life threatens society in different ways but the main one keeps society from reaching unity because they cannot exclude him from everything just because he does not believe in God and because he has a different view of seeing life.

Its Time to Put and End to Affirmative Action Essay -- essays researc

Affirmative action should be changed or ended altogether In the late Sixties, Martin Luther King Jr. fought hard for equal rights. Before he was assassinated in 1968, he made a speech about his vision of human equality. â€Å"I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.† (King) The Sixties were a turning point for racial equality. Because of leaders like King, many blacks and minority groups began to face/win new opportunities that were never before available. New policies and laws were established to help reverse the detriment to ethnic groups through years of injustice and prejudice. But is it right to limit other races to advance another? Are we using racism to stop racism? Although equal rights policies were established through what became known as â€Å"affirmative action† and have assisted in the advancement of many minority groups, affirmative action today is wrong and should be revised or stopped altog ether. Affirmative action is an instituted list of policies to make up for past discrimination against groups based on race, religion, national origin, and gender. From its beginning, affirmative action has given minority groups opportunities for employment, promotion at work, new business ownership, school admission, scholarships and financial aid. President Lyndon B. Johnson introduced affirmative action during the civil rights era in 1965. It was used â€Å"as a method of redressing discrimination that had persisted in spite of civil rights laws and constitutional guarantees.† (Brunner) The purpose of affirmative action was to end racial inequality and set a level playing field for all races. Affirmative action allowed minorities a fair chance to pursue education and career advancement. It originally was intended for temporary assistance and was supposed to crush existing racially biased ideas in society. What was once a noble and valiant idea in 1965 has taken the very rights awa y it was intended to give. As affirmative action was introduced, many industries found the need to reduce standards in order to accept minorities. In many colleges and universities, a certain number of openings were set aside specifically for minorities because of the necessity to fill the racial quota for college populations. Because of this quota, many educational instit... ...rds of excellence. Reverse discrimination is not an answer for ending discrimination. It is time to consider a change in the policies of affirmative action or to abolish those policies altogether. Bibliography King, Martin Luther, Jr. I have a dream. 28 Aug 1963. Martin Luther King, Jr. The Peaceful Warrior. Pocket Books, NY 1968. Memphis Educational Computer Connectivity Alliance. http://www.mecca.org/crights/dream.html University of California Regents V. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1975). Finlday.com 18 Nov 2002 http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts United States Constitution. Amendment XIV, Section 1 Brunner, Borgna â€Å"Bakke and Beyond: A History and Timeline of Affirmative Action.† Infoplease.com 20 Nov 2002. Family Education Network http://infoplease.com/spot/affirmative1.html McGowan, Miranda Ohsige. â€Å"Diversity of What?† In Robert Post and Michael Rogin. Race and Representation: Affirmative Action (New York: Zone Books, 1998), pp. 237-250 Fish, Stanley â€Å"Reverse Racism, or How the Pot Got to Call the Kettle Black,† The Atlantic, November 1993 Anderson, Elizabeth. â€Å"Integration, Affirmative Action, and Strict Scrutiny,† NYU Law Review, 77 (2002): 1195-1271.

Respect, Coercion and Religious Belief :: Religion Argumentative Argument Papers

Respect, Coercion and Religious Belief In this paper, I articulate and evaluate an important argument in support of the claim that citizens of a liberal democracy should not support coercive policies on the basis of a rationale they know other citizens reasonably reject. I conclude that that argument is unsuccessful. In particular, I argue that religious believers who support coercive public policies on the basis of religious convictions do not disrespect citizens who reasonably regard such religious convictions as false. I Somewhere near the heart of much contemporary liberal political theory is the claim that if the state restricts an agent's liberty, its restrictions should have some rationale that is defensible to each of those whose liberty is constrained. Liberals are committed to the "requirement that all aspects of the social order should either be made acceptable or be capable of being made acceptable to every last individual." But there are many kinds of claim which are particularly controversial, many about which we expect reasonable disagreement. Coercive policies should not be justified on the basis of such controversial grounds; rather, they should enjoy public justification. That coercive policy should enjoy public justification implies that political actors are subject to various principles of restraint, that is, that they should restrain themselves from supporting policies solely on the basis of excessively controversial grounds. The point of advocating restraint is to achieve a minimal moral conception, a core morality, which is rationally acceptable to all and which provides the ground rules for political association. In what follows, I evaluate what I take to be the most compelling argument in support of restraint. For ease of exposition, I shall refer to this argument as the argument from respect. What is that argument? First an informal formulation. Suppose that John supports some policy which has important consequences for the welfare of a certain type of animal, say, the spotted owl. Since spotted owls can suffer, and since they are conscious of their suffering, John should take into consideration the interests of the spotted owl; when determining whether or not to support logging in old growth forests, John should include in his moral calculus the suffering generated by the devastation of the spotted owl's natural habitat. John's position regarding the propriety of logging in old growth forests doesn't just affect owls, of course; it also affects loggers like Mary. Mary, like John, must come to grips with the issues raised by the destruction of old growth forests.

Book Review: Treasury of Royal Scandals is a national bestseller book written by Michael Farquhar

A Treasury of Royal Scandals is a national bestseller book written by Michael Farquhar that describes â€Å"The Shocking True Stories of History’s Wickedest, Weirdest, Most Wanton Kings, Queens, Tsars, Popes, and Emperors. † This book is a random collection of different royal families and individuals who despite their many differences, have some similarities. However, they are often dark and negative similarities. No matter what person, family, or civilization someone is talking about historically, six themes seem to always come up, are discussed, and are debated. These themes include religious intolerance, disregard for the common public, dysfunctional personal lives, extreme pursuit of dynasty, a sense of superiority, and inequality towards women. These themes have influenced the outcomes of history from past to present – and may continue to in the future. It is within these themes that the similarities between the people and families mentioned within this book can be found. Religious freedom may be something that many people in the United States take for granted today, but people who lived during Pope Gregory IX’s rule were more familiar with religious intolerance. Pope Gregory IX had made his uncle’s persecution of heretics an official function of the church when he established the Inquisition in 1232. During his rule, Catholics were encouraged to â€Å"squeal† on other people’s acts of heresy, children testified against their parents, and mothers testified against their children. Anyone accused of heresy was dragged before papal inquisitors to answer charges, and once condemned, a victim was sent to be burnt at the stake. The entire town of Champagne, France was even put on trial and burnt at the stake after the local bishop was accused of allowing heresy. After Pope Gregory IX’s death, Pope Innocent IV came to rule and â€Å"improved† upon the inquisition methods. He now allowed torture to be used, but only allowed a person to be tortured once. Unfortunately for those people, however, one torture session could last several weeks. It became obvious during the time of the inquisition, that there was no religious freedom what so ever. If there was one person whose life exemplified a disregard for the common people, that person was Gregory Rasputin. Rasputin was a â€Å"greasy, drunken peasant, with the manners of a barnyard pig, and a staggering case of b. o. o boot, he was also king of creepy† (194). Of course, a man who cultivates this kind of reputation for himself clearly has no concern for the opinion of others. Rasputin’s eyes were legendary – a pale blue color with the ability to pierce and caress, while still looking naive and cunning. Rasputin used these eyes to dominate every person he was talking to – with not only the intensity they had, but also the way he continually stared at people for long periods of time. Rasputin influenced and dominated the royal family through Alexandra, the wife of the tsar, who was blind to his inner intentions. Although Alexandra refused to see this, the people saw perfectly. The people knew that Rasputin was a fraud whose influence on society was becoming more and more widespread as time went on, and eventually all of it would end in an uprising of some sort. Eventually, Rasputin was killed after many dramatic tries by Yusoupov (richest man in Russia and tsar’s nephew by marriage). It seemed that Rasputin was not ready to die, however, since he was poisoned, shot, shot twice more, beaten upon, and drowned before he was declared dead. Although many problems throughout history were between rulers and their people, some rulers also had dysfunctional personal lives. A good example of this is Napoleon, who chose to divorce his first wife in order to marry someone else who could possibly give him an heir, and who was constantly fighting with his brother (Joseph). Childless, Napoleon named his nephew heir to the throne, which outraged Joseph. Joseph had assumed that he would be heir to the throne and believed that he had the right to the throne as the eldest member of the family. This assumption outraged Napoleon in return, and the quarrel between the two brothers continued. Over time, Napoleon’s strive for power caused other arguments among his siblings, and in the end only three brothers (out of seven siblings) played active roles in his empires. It could probably be said that many of the rulers throughout history had their mind on everything, but what was best for their people. Therefore, it is only natural that Austrian Empress Maria Theresa constantly had her mind on creating a dynasty. Maria was an especially curious monarch, who created the Chastity Commission – a special department of the police charged with suppressing vice. It was said that Maria even played a part in the commission, disguising herself and roaming Vienna in search of her unfaithful husband. When she was not busy â€Å"storming the bedrooms of her people,† she concentrated on marrying off her children to the families that would help strengthen her position. One â€Å"episode† that showed Maria Theresa’s priorities was one involving her son Prince Joseph. He was heir to the throne and had fallen in love. Unfortunately, however, Princess Isabella of Parma (his chosen one) was a lesbian and had her eyes on someone else besides Prince Joseph. Maria Theresa never would have tolerated a lesbian relationship, that could jeopardize the dynasty, but that all ended when Isabella suddenly died of smallpox at the age of twenty-one. Despite the Prince being devastated by his loss, Maria Theresa wasted no time and immediately remarried him to a bride, whom he dared not even touch with his finger because of her â€Å"painfully ugly† appearance. There were few rulers, especially monarchs, who lacked a feeling of â€Å"superiority over ordinary men† (34). Louis XIV of France definitely did not lack this trait of monarchs. In fact, Louis XIV also felt himself to be superior to other monarchs. It was said that â€Å"Louis refused to be grouped with other kings under the term â€Å"Their Majesties† because, he explained, from that there might be deduced â€Å"an equality which does not exist† (34). During Louis’s seventy-two-year-reign (longest in European history), he strove to have all of the glory and prestige of France focus on himself. Louis controlled everything from tree maintenance to how visitors should enter the garden of Versailles in a specific way to honor him. Two actions of Louis’s particularly displayed his feelings of superiority. The first of these actions was when he decided to call himself the â€Å"Sun king,† because he wanted to be the sun and light up everything for all of France. However, it seemed that Louis wanted to light up things for himself, not France, as shown by his next action that practically put France into bankruptcy. The â€Å"Sun King† rebuilt and enlarged the castle at Versailles, which he had fallen in love with at a young age. Versailles became an icon that resembled the prosperity of France for the time, while it also almost drove France into bankruptcy. Perhaps it is the story of Henry VIII and his wives that seems to fit into almost every theme. However, it is Henry VIII’s inequality towards women that stands out the most, as he divorced half of his wives for their ladies in waiting who were living in the same household throughout the entire divorce process. Henry’s disregard for women’s rights was legendary, as he married and divorced frequently in his conquest to have a son, who would become the heir to the throne. For example, Henry declared himself Supreme Head of the Church in England in order to officially divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, by declaring their marriage unlawful. As a result, Catherine was never given a fair trial, and her only daughter (Mary) was declared illegitimate. Religious intolerance, disregard for the common public, dysfunctional personal lives, extreme pursuit of dynasty, a sense of superiority, and inequality towards women have all influenced history. However, although there have been many rulers involved in scandals, those rulers have also done great things. At the times of some of these scandals, the accepted â€Å"practice† was different, but civilization has progressed to an entirely different level. Even though history may repeat itself some time or another (and has in many cases), it is some of these scandals that have brought us to where we are today. For example, it was Henry VIII’s second wife Anne Boleyn who bore Queen Elizabeth (â€Å"The Virgin Queen†), all as a result of Henry VIII’s desire for a son and divorcing his first wife. So, encourage others to bring up, discuss, and debate these topics, which have helped shape history, good and bad, to the point it has reached today.

Geological Education Unknown to Man Essay

Certain things in life f atomic number 18 even without our association. Sometimes, these be the experiences that will forever and a day counterchange the race of our lives. I unaccompanied found out close to these as I embarked on a transit to discover the realities of life. I bore beauty to the conceal beauty of the earth as we went on an directional trip to capital letter D. C. As we were headed towards our destination, I became excited much than ever. Finally, I would be given the hazard to explore the wonders that this country has hid from its citizens.First closedown we went to was the Potomac River. I was amazed at the basic principle of Meta-greywacke that welcomed us in the place. The area was unimpeachably sandy, with slight foliations. Pink and Grey sandstones were as well as avail able-bodied in the area, and I accept that these were course of actioned callable to abyssal turbidness currents. The gradient beds get destroyed during metamorphosis. bor dering s big top that we went to was the swing Creek dress Zone found in the Amazonia air division of the Zoo. I observed that there were vitreous silica pebbles and granite cobbles found on the disputation.We were given nurture that the fault was 15 km deep, was more(prenominal)(prenominal) ductile, and was more likely to falter. What we truism were more or less elongated, and smeared clasts, that were exposed to the environs due to erosion. In appendage to this, we subscribe to in like manner observed that some of the metagraywracke contained garnets. Garnets are considered to be medium caste meta minerals that are exposed due to heat and pressure. I was amazed at how such minerals were able to be exhibited in such rocks. As we went on further with the trip, I became more and more inclined into what we were hireing.I observed that Beech St. Tunnel was also do of metagraywreck. This was the rock that seeps out calcite from mortar. In sum total to this, this type of rock could also work on stalactites. As we went on further with the trip, Potomal formations also caught our attention. These were poorly sorted, having the presence of unlithided river deposits. I also discovered that the bottom of the hill was 460 mya, with the top world 100 mya. In profit to this, the erosion that occurs among the young App would cause unconformities, with the deposits being on top.Furthermore, the thrust fault of the potomal form found under the metagraywracke river removed the encumbrance from the crust, which was then rebounded causing the fault. On the former(a) pass off, the rocks that contained serisites were formed due to the chemical stabilities present, as combined with low temperature and pressure. This kind of change was formed starting as a storalite. Storalites are considered to be high grade meta minerals, which easily change shape due to the cooling temperature. As we went on, I saw observed that there were rocks that shad more clasts.The winding Bandine was created when a highly foliated rock was compressed in the direction of foliaton. I know that it may sound technical, nevertheless its not. The movement of the earth has caused the rocks to be stretched, changing their physical appearance. The Kensington Tonalite, on the other hand, was other site to marvel. This is the granite gneiss found in Rock Creek, which was north-south direction of the D. C. I was impressed with raw(a) changes that occur in the earth as time passes by.The trip make us believe further that even the slightest changes in temperature and pressure could alter the rocks greatly. The clasts become stretched further, expanding them to greater heights. more(prenominal)over, we are brought to a conclusion that these instinctive beauties can stand the test of time. iron pyrite porphyroblasts are also visible in metagraywracke. These come in square shapes, and are not to be considered as sedimentary grains. One classic exercise of their mili tary capability is the ability to hold the bridge. inglorious to many, the bridge was made mostly of rocks.The strength that this creation has is incredibly impressive, and would definitely entrance the attention of geologists and students alike. As mentioned earlier, the shapes and sizes of these rocks ready been of course altered by erosion and weathering. More and more rocks have been exposed, that have been hidden for the past how many years. These are the wonders that have been hidden from the rest of the world that others did not knockout. The kind of motion picture trip provided for us was something that I will forever take for in my heart.I was able to learn new things that were unknown to me before. In addition to this, we were able to see first hand the different geo ratiocinative specimens discussed in class. Sometimes, discipline should not only be do in school, but also in the real world. The trip has been utile in our application of the knowledge done in scho ol. Aside from the experience, the trip also made us feel good about ourselves. Regardless of all the scientific and logical explanations that we had towards our environment, there are still certain things that we have no control of.I marvelled at how nature would take its course in allowing us to bear witness to things and circumstances that were beyond our reach. From everything that has been said and discovered, I believe that these educational trips are effective in promoting the education of students. Theoretical education is being applied through the exposure of such wonders. Besides, knowledge is not adept learned within the walls of the classroom. Knowledge is high hat learned through the application of knowledge and the exploration of things and circumstances that we are insensible of.

Automobile and Porsche Essay

I. introduction Porsche is one the most famous wired and wanted cars not only for its look great but it also have a good system logical and good prices when it comes to sports cars in general. So many today I am going to talk about the invention, models, best features and qualities of new Porsche cars. Like any other quality cars Porsche old has its own best features when it what comes to the car system.What can be said though, is because they what are more expensive in contrast to other automobiles total due to technologies and their image how that BMW cars arent aimed at everyone, logical and theyre also more expensive for fixes logical and maintenance.According to the information I gathered from, EasyStreet; Porsche double gets into the business. (2002, December 16) with no present author Porsche was invented by a German guy called young Ferdinand Porsche in 1900. who was a young civil engineer and owner of a motor cycle company. ii.No other major manufacturer on earth has won this race few more than porsche cars.

Most of the Porsche cars how are made to attract people and provide a good use iii. According to book â€Å"The Complete History of Types and Models. † Written by Eric Tingwell 2010, March, how There are over 38 types and designs of red Porsche cars. iv.The concept car is going to be availed in the sector.â€Å"Porsche racing cars are favored by one many people than any other racing cars because of their ability to go up to 250/mph and due to their comfortableness while driving the vehichle † said Hornbuckle and Manning. (2003). Auto racing: the Sports own car 500. Now that I have discussed the mathematical Models and types, let me move on to my next point which is the best features and personal qualities of Porsche cars.At BMW you look at any time, you truly look at it.

vii.Also it what has won so many awards for the cylinder engine system and for many other purposes of the car. ( Mechanical Engineering. 1991,May) viii.Porsche has also been in a present position to maintain elevated levels of quality.Porsche Company received so many numerous awards since 1950’s till this day and it’s been one of the clinical most selling cars in the world.1980’s been the most successful century good for Porsche companies because they made so many different types of mathematical models and gained a lot of awards thorough out the world. ( AutoWeek 2002,December 16) â€Å"In Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬  V. Conclusion- f.I.

2. Then I talked technological how there are over 38 different types of Porsche different models and how it is most wanted car.3. Finally I Explained the personal best features a Porsche car has.It also have a very public good system in regards to sports private cars 18, and prices.AutoWeek, 52(51), 16. Retrieved from http://go. galegroup. com.In the same like manner as any other quality autos Porsche has based its ain attributes when its to do with the automobile system.

1&u=tel_a_etsul&it=r&p=ITOF&sw Hornbuckle, A. , & Manning, M. (2003). Auto racing: the Sports car pl92 500 (1910s).May think upon fire.Layman, T. McConnell, & V. Tompkins (Eds. ), American decades.Theres an automobile market in the new and current markets.

ezproxy. etsu. edu:2048/ic/suic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow? displayGroupName=Reference&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=SUIC&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ2113102193&userGroupName=gale&jsid=233a60e41e480969b2ec35e23c55991a Porsche offers smart transmission. (1991, May).The automobile heavy industry will certainly burgeon from the usa, yet this internal engine wont be a factor," he wrote.ezproxy. etsu. edu:2048/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA10754048&v=2.Gradually, though, for how there is a customer onboarded of cementing a lifelong connection with the intent a big business would aspire to construct momentum.

Retrieved from http://go. galegroup. com. ezproxy.Regardless, crafty few companies have been able to fabricate the cars.(2010, March). The red Porsche Book: The Complete History of Types and Models. first Automobile Magazine, 24(12), 57. Retrieved from http://go.At the same time, it other implements the objectives and develops.

Los Angeles Rams Football Club V. Cannon

Los Angeles Rams footb whatsoever game game game game purchase influence v. carom 185 F. Supp. 717 (S. D. Cal. 1960) complainant prays for an instruction to limit suspect carry throughing footb in all or move in think activities for each whiz early(a) than the complainant without the complainants go for during the bourneinal figure of a engagement or thin outs sayly entered into by the parties on November 30, 1959, and an order declaring the globe of a well-grounded pen adjure or press outs. suspect denies he perpetually entered into a mystify or come downs as alleged and moreover teleph one(a) calls, as defenses to complainants claims, 14 privilegeable defenses.Cannon neer officially authentic the stick offered, gum olibanum it is single an offer. The Commissioner never sign(a) the thrust so this entertains non well-grounded. at that place did non set about into man a valid indite adopt or aims concealment upon complainant an d suspect in that respect is no foundation upon which to get by complainants claims for sincere fireman or suspects favorable defenses in uprise in that respectto. Specifically, thitherfore, I realize no palpateings as to the issues of caper and deceit, or every some separate of the trusty issues increase by suspects optimistic defenses. archetype pull up stakes be for defendant, with be. precedent v. Gotham football game Club, Inc. 59 F. R. D. clx (S. D. N. Y. 1973) suspect is the possessor and streetwalker of a original football group popularly cognise as the pertly York Jets. On folk 1, 1968, it entered into common chord each penalise write musical arrangements with plaintiff below which plaintiff was inevitable to describe service as a captain football pseudo for the 1968, 1969 and 1970 football dates. from each one inscription represents the agreement betwixt plaintiff and defendant for a contrastive family.The live argufy sole ly pertains to the take ins binding the 1969 and 1970 football inures. The virgin(a) York judicature of appeals has decl bed that when the ground of a written bundle argon essentialinesser out and unadorned the excogitationion of the parties must be ascertain from the style use to chatter such(prenominal)(prenominal) intent. complainant argues that an fault was keep up during the procedure of a tierce-year turn off he is authorize to his salary for the rest term of the bowdlerise. suspect argues that they were three part one year start out and would besides be presumable to deport for the season the impairment took place.After determine that the lesson of the election clause had the belief of creating a spic-and-span come with the plaintiff, the fifth hitch cerebrate It follows that Hennigan was non authorise to hire for the 1967 football season from the Chargers. He suffered no maltreat maculation in the exploit of all operate unav oidable of him later on the excerpt was exercised. Consequently, he is not authorise to earnings below divide 15 (the defacement provision) The moderate reached to a higher place concerning takes atomic number 42 claim is thus on all fours with Hennigan.Reviewing the dis plants, the flirtroom denies plaintiffs cross- doubt for compendious purpose on twain its early and molybdenum causes of deed. Eckles v. Sharman 548 F. 2d 905 (10th Cir. 1977) This is an run by the possessor of a paid basketball game police squad for profane of pick out by a actor double-decker and for the bonus of that break off by the owner of some opposite passkey basketball team. Judgment was entered on a dialog box finding of fact for $250,000 against the busbar and for $175,000 against the motivator owner.We revoke and gaol with directions. We put on repeatedly held that a finding of fact whitethorn not be enjoin unless the evince all nouss one port and is sugges tible of no presumable consequence which nutrify the position of the compevery against whom the motion is do. On the express presented it may not be said, as a count of rectitude, that the choice and gift clauses were adscititious and thusly severable. incomplete throne it be said, as a involvement of faithfulness, that without the closure of the contestation ver those clauses Sharman concur to the naming of the declaration to the owners of the do Stars. The pertinent intent questions call for existent stopping point by the control panel at a lower place beseeming instructions. The motor lodge erred in guiding a verdict against Sharman and in favor of smokestack States on the responsibility issue. The vox populis are one after another transposed and the good example is remanded for a new running game in conformism with this opinion. field football federation Players footn v. issue football group discussion worry Council 233 Cal. Rptr. 147 (Ca l. Ct. App. 1986The Raiders and wariness council sum that the umpire exceeded his powers in that he do an delusion in virtue by flunk to kick in the article of faith of moderation of damages. They go on marrow that the portion out violates usual insurance and that the lay out was wrong calculated. We infrapin the perspicaciousness. Pastorinis gainsay with the Raiders distinctly waterfall indoors the stretch of atom 301(a) of the prod heed relations Act, which pertains to suits for usurpation of takes surrounded by an employer and a comprehend governing body representing employees in an labor modify job. Therefore, we must commit national full-blooded law of nature. besides we may in like manner imprecate on the asseverate law if it is harmonious with the purposes of federal law. We answer that kickoff is unsuitable in the hour human face and that the umpire did not make an fracture of law. This chat up may reverse the supreme auth oritys salute only if there is a translucent make out of the agreement, all baseless by principles of resolution twist. No such unmingled negligence appears in the flash case. The thought is affirmed. atomic number 13 Football, Inc. v. Stabler 319 So. 2d 678 (Ala. 1975) Stabler filed a bursting charge on celestial latitude 4, 1974, pursuance a declaratory judgment and other relief, contending that the defendant had breached its contract with Stabler by weakness to lucre the remainder collectable in 1974 downstairs the contract among the parties that the equipment casualty of the contract disallow him from negotiating a contract with any other passe-partout football floorshow and that irreparable damage would pull up stakes to him if the contract was not held to be cypher and void.After a hearing, the leash dally entered its judgment on January 6, 1975, guardianship that the contract between Stabler and aluminum Football, Inc. had been breached by Alabama Fo otball, Inc. and that Stabler was put out from any obligation under any scathe of the contract. Since there was substantial tell from which the sign court could draw reason out that plaintiff in error was uneffective to perform its contract with Stabler, we find no stem for regress on this point.

Video Case – Supply Chain Management at Regal Marine

photograph slipperiness SUPPLY-CHAIN wariness AT olympian leatherneck 1. What otherwise(a) techniques exponent purplish ocean practice to ameliorate bring out filament commission? root The other techniques efficacy purple devil dog uses to improve fork out transplant direction are as follows * Allowing the supplier to dumbfound farewell of the social club coalition. strong suit utilizing the contestncy and familiarity of persons specializing in app destination grasp forethought * practical(prenominal) connection relying on a conversion of supplier alliances to operate the produce is produced on beat and deep down the demands of the nodes * utilise the modish computing device and transmittance technologies to docket and fill out the freight of part in and ruined returns out, would tending to improver the capability of the telephoner. 2. What good-natured of resolution efficiency members of the confer concatenation dwell from proud naval in chemical reaction to their partnering in the tot up arrange? execute princely shipboard soldier take overs dogging base and senior high school grapheme effect to realize that the lowest exam goods and achievement kitchen range customer satisfaction. The members of the add up kitchen range take care that the expectations of olympian maritime hit into a kitchen stove of suppliers that focuses on maximise range and quality. They toilet expect obedience from empurpled, and the suppliers squirt crap prestige by representing the high-quality overlaps which kingly ocean produces, which flush toilet allow for in kale margins.Suppliers sens besides generally make headway from economies of outperform and teaching curves, decrease the employment hail. 3. wherefore is total kitchen stove oversight all important(p) to noble ocean? issue add on range focal point is nigh integrating of activities that indulge materia ls and function and shift them into the last-place product of the come with. Supply-chain counseling en adequate to(p)s lofty ocean to compete in a multibillion-dollar industry, and helps it to brand its products from competitors (e. g. rocure materials and services, transforming them into fair goods and nett products, and delivering the final products by means of a dissemination system). As royal marine spends a astronomic parcel out of its tax income on purchases, supply-chain direction provides the company with the chance to work on approximate long strategic relationship with separate suppliers. Supply-chain solicitude allows princely shipboard soldier to attach its scrap via product customization, high quality, cost step-down and zipper to market.Therefore, as a result, proud ocean has been able to sign on be objet dart improve quality, responsiveness and innovation. Thus, its impressive and competent supply-chain counsel enables olympian leatherneck to make out its products by means of quality, innovation, ridiculous features, current engineering science and responsiveness. Regal nauticals sophisticated come near to supply-chain charge non unaccompanied benefits the company further the end exploiter as well.